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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Small area estimation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Small area estimation Small area estimation is any of several statistical techniques involving the estimation of parameters for small sub-populations, generally used when the sub-population of interest is included in a larger survey. The term "small area" in this context generally refers to a small geographical area such as a county. It may also refer to a "small domain", i.e. a particular demographic within an area. If a survey has been carried out for the population as a whole (for example, a nation or statewide survey), the sample size within any particular small area may be too small to generate accurate estimates from the data. To deal with this problem, it may be possible to use additional data (such as census records) that exists for these small areas in order to obtain estimates. One of the more common small area models in use today is the 'nested area unit level regression model', first used in 1988 to model corn and soybean crop areas in Iowa. The initial survey data, in which farmers reported the area they had growing either corn or soybeans, was compared to estimates obtained from satellite mapping of the farms. The final model resulting from this for unit/farm 'j' in county 'i' is$y\_\; =\; x\_\text{'}\backslash beta\; +\backslash mu\_i\; +\backslash epsilon\_\; \backslash ,$, where 'y' denotes the reported crop area, $\backslash beta\; \backslash ,$ is the regression coefficient, 'x' is the farm-level estimate for either corn or soybean usage from the satellite data and $\backslash mu\; \backslash ,$ represents the county-level effect of any area characteristics unaccounted for. ==Further reading== * G. E Battese, R. M Harter & W. A Fuller. "An error component model for prediction of county crop areas using survey and satellite data", ''Journal of the American Statistical Association'', 83, 28–36. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2288915 * M. Ghosh, J. N. K. Rao. "Small area estimation: An appraisal", ''Statistical Science'', vol 9, no.1 (1994), 55–76. http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ss/1177010647 *Jiang, J., and Lahiri, P. "Mixed model prediction and small area estimation", Editor's invited discussion paper, "Test," Vol. 15, 1, (2006), 1-96. * Danny Pfefferman. "Small area estimation – New developments and directions", ''International Statistical Review'' (2002), 70, 1, 125–143. * J. N. K. Rao (2003), ''Small area estimation'', Wiley, ISBN 0-471-41374-7. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Small area estimation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.